104 Colony Forming Units (CFUs) = the threshold at which a beach "closes" due to high bacterial count
Red Flags = 104+ CFUs; unsafe to swim
Blue flags = under 104 CFUs; safe to swim
21,000 = the approximate equivalent of raw sewage itself.
24,196 CFUs = the number that "maxes out" the testing capabilities at Fisherman's Beach
24,200 CFUs = the number that "maxes out" the testing capabilities at King's Beach
If you see these numbers, it could mean the actual bacterial count is significantly higher.
Curious how local beaches tested in 2024? Click here for more info on all beaches, or the below for each individual municpality.
Over 100 years ago, the Town of Swampscott and City of Lynn developed on top of Stacey's Brook, driving it underground. One article in 1912 noted how "disagreeable" the smell from the brook was, so they simply covered up the problem and built on top of it. Today, this makes finding the sources of pollution much more complicated.
There is no ONE source of pollution on King's Beach. Unfortunately, this issue is complex and the pollution has compounded for several reasons, including:
STACEY'S BROOK: having a natural brook underneath our sewer system, which carries all of our leached sewer water directly through the large "culverts" onto King's Beach
IGNORING PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE: both Lynn and Swampscott ignored an "invisible" infrastructure for almost 100 years, which is cracked and broken and will cost tens of millions of dollars to fix (or more) since we properly plan and do maintenance over time
BROKEN PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE: both privately-owned "sewer laterals" and publicly-owned "sewer mains" remain broken, both which leach into the groundwater.
CUTTING ACROSS MUNICIPALITIES: Stacey's Brook runs through both Lynn and Swampscott, making it unclear "who" is causing pollution and where it's occurring. This has slowed down progress as both towns pointed the finger at each other for decades.
Ultimately, regardless of how complicated it may seem, how expensive it might cost, or how our ancestors left us in a messy situation today, it's our responsibilty to pick up the pieces and fix the mistakes of the past for ourselves and for future generations.
Swampscott's main issue is broken sewer infrastructure. Many of the sewer pipes are made out of clay and are cracked and broken. The result is sewerage seepage into the groundwater which leads to Stacey's Brook. This issue is also what's causing bacteria problems at Fisherman's Beach, which Save King's Beach unearthed in 2023.
Since Lynn separated and replaced *most* of the sewer Stacey's Brook catchment area through its East Lynn Sewer Separation Project (1990s-2000s), it is presumed that the persistence of bacteria is from illegal hookups from homes/businesses into the sewer mains. There likely remain som illicit connections in Swampscott as well.
A sewer lateral is the pipe that brings sewage from inside of your home to the sewer main located in the street. That pipe is the responsibility of each homeowner to ensure viability. Unfortunately, many of the sewer laterals in Lynn and Swampscott are broken and are not being fixed if there isn't sewage backup into an owner's home.
Note: Neither Swampscott nor Lynn enforce functional sewer laterals at this time, meaning that broken laterals leach sewage into the ground before they even get to the municipally-owned sewerage system. This issue could be fixed with a simple Town/City Ordinance. Danvers and Ipswich have made ordinances to inspect sewer laterals before a property is sold.
Heavy rain events give our lawns a nice watering, but they also wash fertilizer into our storm drains which lead to the ocean. Skip the chemicals and use natural fertilizer to help keep our oceans clean.
Storm drains collect everything from the roads during heavy rain events, including trash, leaves, and all of the liquids cars leak out: gasoline, antifreeze, etc.
Unfortunately, people continue to dump hazardous materials, including paint, dog waste, and construction materials, into drains, perhaps not realizing that those lead to the ocean. If you see someone dumping anything into a sewer drain, please educate them that our storm drains lead to our oceans (or alert the authorities for a major dumping incident).
Who's fault is it?
For decades, Swampscott tried to blame Lynn and the combined sewer overflows, while Lynn pointed to the continuous contamination of Swampscott's sewer pipes, and both municipalities will shake their fists at the state and federal governments for not solving the problem.
A 2017 report by Save the Harbor, Save the Bay demonstrated that both Lynn and Swampscott were contributing to the pollution on King's Beach. Although we often get questions about "who's at fault?", the local and state governments are accepting responsibility are working together in a coordinated way to fix this issue.
It's tough to accept responsibility for a century-old issue, but it's a responsibility we can now all embrace for the sake of ourselves and future generations.
According to the latest Kleinfelder report Phase 2 IDDE design and planning is underway. Phases 2A - 2C, which involve the actual construction work will extend from 2025 - 2028. So far $1.8M in ARPA funds and $3.5M in borrowed funds have been approved for this work. However, Phases 2A - 2C are estimated to cost $3.5M each so the total budget has not been assigned to this project yet.
Several Stakeholders have been vocal about his desire to have a "complementary" or "parallel" solution which would help open King's Beach up faster while we work on illicit detection and infiltration ("IDDE"). This may include UV Water Filtration, a sewer pipe extension out towards Egg Rock, or direct peracetic acid water treatment additions.
These proposals will not fix the underlying issue, and should never be thought of as alternatives to fixing the pipes.
The main job the King's Beach Steering Committee is tasked with is to research and identify this parallel solution. When that is decided upon (hopefully by March 31st, 2025), the Federal and State government will be engaged to assist with some funding and permitting of that treatment solution.